Ammonia transformed

TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUPS AND TRANSFORMED DIMENSIONS

In the transformation semigroup (X, S) we introduce the height of a closed nonempty invariant subset of X, define the transformed dimension of nonempty subset S of X and obtain some results and relations.

Vertex Equitable Labelings of Transformed Trees

Ammonia-water cation and ammonia dimer cation.

We have investigated the structure, interaction energy, electronic properties, and IR spectra of the ammonia-water cation (NH(3)H(2)O)(+) using density functional theory (DFT) and high-level ab initio theory. The ammonia-water cation has three minimum-energy structures of (a) H(2)NH(+)...OH(2), (b) H(3)N(+)...OH(2), and (c) H(3)NH(+)...OH. The lowest-energy structure is (a), followed by (c) and...

Advanced Ammonia Casale Technologies for Ammonia Plants

Humanitarianism Transformed

The scale, scope, and significance of humanitarian action have expanded significantly since the late 1980s. This article reflects on two ways in which humanitarianism has been transformed. First, its purpose has been politicized. Whereas once humanitarian actors attempted to insulate themselves from the world of politics, they now work closely with states and attempt to eliminate the root cause...